Friday 9 September 2016

the advantages and disadvantages From Windows 10

This is the entire Version Of Windows 10!

Windows 10 is an operating system that has released the final version by Microsoft in 2015. You who have Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 also do not worry, because Microsoft has released an official statement that it would eliminate the entire upgrade Windows 7 / 8.1 to Windows 10 in the first year since the release of Windows 10.

Well, one of you must be curious what the version found in Windows 10? whether the same version of Windows 7 that have many versions or versions very little like Windows 8?

8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows 10 Pro Final

Windows 10 Pro Final was the development of the Windows operating system, which was launched to update earlier versions of Windows, which many reap the comments and criticisms. Currently, Windows 10 Pro already it came out in final form, which means it can be used by anyone, and can be obtained by way of purchase it from Microsoft's official website.

Excess Windows 10 Pro Final

As one of the products of the development of Windows, then it is definitely Windows 10 Pro Final This has many advantages when compared to the previous Windows operating system. What are the advantages?

Here are some of the advantages of Windows 10 Pro Final:

A final version, and it is not a trial version or a trial version (beta)

Windows 10 Pro Final is an alias final version was released after the beta. Windows 10 Pro Final is the last Windows operating system, and is final, so that later this operating system will be more stable, and more convenient and easier to use by any user.
The weaknesses in Windows 10 Pro Final beta version has been improved and developed further, so that Windows 10 Pro Final to be one of the Windows operating system is arguably the best over previous operating systems, namely Windows 8.

2.Feature - feature on the windows pro 10 more and more complete

When compared with earlier Windows-Windows, such as Windows 8 and Windows 7, a feature embedded in Windows 10 Pro Final much more complete and complex. It is of course also reminds us of the first developed, Windows 10 beta was launched for the pro user, where the pro do an analysis and try the Windows operating system, and then provide comments and suggestions. Because it had been launched for the pro user, then Windows 10 Pro Final is one of the Windows operating system which features the best and most complete well.

Start menu which is the hallmark of OS Windows On Windows 8 is missing is returned

In Windows 8, start button issues is one issue that is commented upon and protested by many users. This is because, the start button that has become characteristic of Windows is eliminated, thus making many users become confused and difficult to operate Windows 8.
However, it turns out Microsoft then listen to these complaints, and returns the start button at the lower left, as there is in Windows from the days of Windows 90 to Windows 7 earlier. This makes Windows 10 Pro Final into one operating system that is user friendly, especially for users of the Windows operating system.

Features Virtual Desktop

The latest feature in Windows 10 Pro Final was a virtual desktop. The virtual desktop is a new feature embedded in Windows 10 Pro Final. Virtual desktop is a feature which allows the user to create more than 1 piece desktop for the purpose and a specific theme. so we could have more than 2 pieces of desktop by using a virtual desktop feature in Windows 10's Pro Final.

Display and GUI design better and attractive

The look of Windows 10 Pro Final was also rated more sweet and simple. Besides the user friendly GUI also be salahs atu advantages and benefits of Windows 10's Pro Final. One is the use start button 'back' and in terms of overall look, Windows 10 Pro Final is much better when compared with the previous operating system, namely Windows 8.

Genuine free update for owners of Windows 7 and Windows 8

Kelebihan lainnya adalah Windows 10 Pro Final merupakan sistem operasi yang gratis, terutama bagi anda yang menggunakan sistem operasi genuine dan original Windows 7 dan juga Windows 8. Anda bisa melakukan update dan merubah sistem operasi anda menjadi Windows 10 Pro Final secara gratis di dalam situs Microsoft. (baca juga: jenis sistem operasiKekurangan Windows 10 Pro FinalMeskipun memiliki beberapa kelebihan, namun ternyata Windows 10 Pro Final ini juga memilki beberapa kekurangan loh. Apa saja kekurangan dari Windows 10 Pro Final? Berikut ini adalah beberapa kekurangan dari Windows 10 Pro Final :

Is the latest operating system of Microsoft Windows

Many rumors say that Windows 10 Pro Final was the last of the Windows operating system. Whether or not these rumors, it led to speculation that Windows 10 Pro Final was the last operating system and will not be developed further, which of course it will be a shortage of its own, because it most likely will not happen the development of a new operating system.

Compatibility with a wide range of applications and games that are still minimal
For those of you who love to play games and also use many apps, the Windows 10 Pro Final show not be the right choice. Because it is a relatively new operating system, then it is definitely the compatibility of various applications has not been much and still rare. Many applications like games that are not compatible with Windows 10 Pro Final and has become its own shortcomings.

Windows 8

Windows 8 Is the code name for the next version of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on a PC, including home computers and business computers, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and computer media. Microsoft also called app-store will launch a version of Windows. App-store include Metro-style app for Windows 8 or Windows Classic.

Here are some pictures to see Windows 8, as taken from Tech land:

Apart from that, there are some advantages and disadvantages of Windows 8. Here's the explanation

Advantages:

1. Form a More Dynamic

Just like cell phones (mobile phones) smartphones and tablets, computers using the Windows 8 operating system comes with a notification feature and the current information, regarding your account in cyberspace. For example, the inbox electronic mail (e-mail). In addition you will also automatically connect to the data storage site belonging to Windows, Skydrive.

2. More Universal Data Search System

With Windows 8, you are easier to find the desired data. Simply type the name of the data in the initial display, directly several options related data.

3. Availability and Ease of Application Support

You have a lot of choice and convenience to get Application support if your computer uses Windows 8 operating system.

Deficiency:

1. No Start button and Close X

Unfortunately, there is no start button and Close X on the display face of Windows 8. This makes users confused and difficult to start the work, closing the job or accessing the program. Although the data search system, but the presence of the Start button is considered very important for the convenience of users.

To end the task in Windows 8, you must direct your mouse arrow to the top of the application. After emerging-hand button, you have to drag it, and then the program is closed.

2. Many Hidden Files Or Apps

This is probably the most confusing for users of Windows 8. Therefore, during operation, are only two data or applications that can be open simultaneously, while other data is hidden. You must use the universal search feature to open another data.

For your information, Windows 8 will be marketed at a price range of 69.99 US dollars. As of the end of January 2013, customers who are currently running a PC with Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows 7, has the right to download (download) Windows 8 Pro with an estimated retail price of 39.99 US dollars.

A. Operating System Windows 8

Windows 8 is the name of the latest version of Microsoft Windows, a series of Microsoft which is produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business computers, laptops, netbooks, tablets, PCs, servers and media center PCs. This operating system using the ARM microprocessor in addition to a traditional x 86 microprocessor artificial intelligence and AMD. Change user interface in order to be used on touch-screen devices other than the mouse and keyboard, so that Windows 8 is designed for touch tablet device.

B. Disadvantages windows 8

Button star and close enough so there is no confusion for the user to make the new windows 8
File and hidden applications so as to open a file must use the universal search feature.
The overlapping succession continue to occur that occur between the tile-based Metro U I and glassy Aer o U I
Lack of options to change the tiles to be icons
It is difficult to move between screens, which we usually use the functionality of Alt + Tab to switch screens and applications
Windows 8 does not support flash Content and Microsoft was deliberately doing this to save battery life and maintain security and stability

C. Management Files In Windows 8 Operating System

File management is part of the operating system to organize and keep trace files. File management is important because it can reduce the risk of lost files due to accidentally erased, hit a new file, stored in an unknown location and other things that are not desirable.

It branded center of the system The window in the put on Drive C, or in Windows Explorer is the default naming Local Disk [C:] for the directory that is the main file of the Windows system installed or stored. Besides Drive [C:], on the windows there are also other drives such as drive [A:], [D:], [E:], [F:], and so on. Although the drive [C:] is the central control system, but Microsoft make it parallel to Drive the other example like Drive [D:] that are usually used as data storage or a second partition on the hard drive and then drive [E:] for CD-Drive and drive [F:] to stick.

Windows Explorer is a tool in the management of files in general, to open and save files or to access certain parts of the Windows shell such as the Control Panel. Windows Explorer may Custom to show or hide some elements of the navigation and look and can also Custom based display configuration and layout of the column.

Here are some of the functionality in the 'File Explorer'.
Move to: function to move the file to another folder, or move the folder to another.
Copy to: function to duplicate the files contained in a folder to another folder.
Delete: serves to delete files or folders contained in the library.
New folder: function to create a new folder in the library.

D. Process Scheduling in Windows 8

Windows 8 using a Round Robin algorithm, this algorithm cycle processes in the queue. The process will receive rations of time quantum. If the time quantum is exhausted or the process is complete, the CPU will be allocated to the next process. Of course this process is fair enough because there is no priority process, all the process gets the same time of the CPU is (1 / n), and it will not wait longer than (n-1) q with q is a long one quantum.

This algorithm is entirely dependent amount of time quantum. If it is too big, this algorithm would be tantamount to an algorithm first come first served. If it is too small, the more the transition process so much time wasted.

The main problem in the Round Robin is determining the time quantum. If the specified time quantum is too small, then most of the process will not be completed in one quantum. This is not good because there will be a lot of switches, when the CPU requires time to switch from one process to another process (referred to as context switches time). Conversely, if the time quantum is too large, the algorithm will run like Round Robin algorithm is first come first served. Time quantum ideal is if 80% of the total process has a CPU burst time smaller than 1 time quantum.

Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling

These algorithms allow the process to move the queue. If a process is seized CPU too long, the process will be moved to a lower queue. This is beneficial interaction process because this process only uses a little CPU time. Similarly, the process of waiting too long. This process will be increased levels. The highest priority is usually given to the process with the smallest CPU burst, so the CPU will fertilization full and I / O can be kept busy. The lower the level, the CPU burst length of the process is also getting bigger.

E. Synchronization and Dead look

Is the basis of Multi programming, multiprocessing, and distribute processing. competition solve the problem if there are a lot of programs, as in the previous algorithm only cope with one process. When many processes are in the same time, then when that's called concurrent. The problems occur when there are concurrent processes are:

a. Synchronization

The process of setting the course of several processes at the same time. Means an outline of possible synchronization is evened things together.

b. Dead Lock

The circumstances in which the two programs were gaining control over the resources needed by other programs. No one can continue the process of each other until the program provides resources, but no budge. Deadlocks that may occur in a process due to the process of waiting for a particular event that will never happen. Two or more processes are said to be in a deadlock condition when any process that is waiting for an event that can only be done by another process in the set.

That's needed scheduler order to avoid these problems. Windows 8 uses UM S (User-mode Scheduling). UM S is a mechanism that enables an application to be used to schedule thread own. Threads can be defined as an entity of the process, which is the scheduled execution time by the operating system.

recognize windows and windows 7

Chapter I Introduction

Windows & Windows7

History / Background

Windows is a family of computer operating system developed by Microsoft, since the 1980 s Microsoft corporation .snow in Bellevue, Washingthon headed by William Bill Gates, develop OS under the name MS-DOS (Microsoft Soft-Disk Operating System). MS-DOS was based command line (text mode) .Windows 7 before coded Black comb or Vienna is the latest version of Microsoft Windows that replaces Windows Vista. Windows NT 6.1 kernel features.

repair of Windows Vista in which when the first release to have the NT kernel 6.0 build 6000. Windows 7 was released on October 22, 2009 it has security and new features, including: Jump Lists, Task bar which opened the program with a small display, Windows Media Player 12 , Internet Explorer 8, and others. Some of its unique features is the Sidebar Gadget renamed and freely placed anywhere on the desktop (not like sidebar that can only be placed in certain places). That feature makes Windows 7 to be interesting. Specifications Windows 7 is lighter and the price is also cheaper than Windows Vista.

The hardware specifications Microsoft has published the minimum hardware requirements specification for Windows 7. Minimum specifications Windows 7 (recommended) as follows:

Architecture 32-bit and 64-bit
The speed of the central processing unit
1 GHz 32-bit CPU 1 GHz 64-bit CPU
Random Access Memory (RAM)
1 GB of RAM 2 GB of RAM
Graphics Processing Unit
Support DirectX 9 graphics processor with WDDM Driver Model 1.0 (for Windows Aero)
Hard drive (HDD)
Minimum Capacity 16 GB
Minimum Capacity 20 GB
Optical discs
DVD drive (for installation from DVD media)

Additional requirements to be able to use certain features:
BitLocker requires a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 1.2 and requires a USB flash drive to use BitLocker To Go.

Windows XP Mode requires an additional 1 GB of memory, an additional capacity of 15 GB hard drive, and a central processing unit that supports virtualization with AMD-V or Intel VT

1.2. Developments / Evolution

The windows operating system evolved from MS-DOS, an operating system based on text mode and command-line direction towards OS GUI. The first version of Windows, Windows Graphic Environment 1.0 was first introduced on 10 November 1983, but only out of the market in November 1985 designed to meet the needs of the computer to display a picture.

Windows 1.0 is a software 16 bit (not an operating system) running on MS-DOS, so he can not walk without the DOS operating system so well in version 2.x version 3.x. Recent versions of Windows starting from version 4.0 and Windows NT 3.1, is an independent operating system that no longer depend on the operating system MS-DOS. Microsoft Windows then developed and can be controlled using the operating system up to 90%.
The first version of Windows that was released on November 20, 1985. This version has many shortcomings in some functionality, so that less popular in the market.
Windows versions of both appear on the 9th of December 1987 the name of "windows" will further entrap customers and become a little popular than pendahulunya.sebagian kepopuleritasnya obtained due to the proximity of artificial graphics applications microsoft, microsoft excel for windows and microsoft word for windows.

Here are the various developmental versions of Windows until now:

Windows version 2.1 (released in tangggal 5 January 1989)
Windows version 3.0 (released in 1990)
Windows version 3.1 (released in 1992)
Windows 95 (released on 24 August 1995)
Windows 98 (released on 25 June 1998)
Windows 2000 (released on 17 February 2000)
Windows ME (released in September 2000)
Windows XP (released in 2001)
Windows server 2003 (released on 24th april 2003)
Windows Vista (released on 30 november 2006)
Windows server 2008 (released on 27 February 2008)
Windows 7 (released on 7 October 2009)

Windows 7 launched on October 22, 2009. Each user will have three layers of protection if there is a request to download the file from unknown. Windows 7 designed with new features and improved performance of Windows Vista.
The operating system that uses a Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been the starting point for the emergence of touch screen technology which can be applied on the computer. Windows 7, Vista operating system replacement once the operating system first multitouch screen technology from Microsoft's Surface tabletop computer. Microsoft introduced Windows 7 is once again would make it easier to browse without a need to use the mouse ..
Windows 7 multitouch software capabilities demonstrated with a new application, Touchable Paint, which is only using 10 fingers, the user can freely paint the image on the screen. For photo manipulation, just with two fingers users can zoom in and out of photos, and even made it like a slideshow. To search the map the user can use the Windows Live Local and Microsoft Virtual Earth is able to show the direction and the road wherever located.

Variants of Windows 7 as follows:

1.Windows 7 Starter
Windows 7 Starter is intended for notebooks and PCs with limited hardware so it is easier to use because of the restriction between you and what you want. Windows 7 Starter is designed to meet the basic needs and the system combines the latest in reliability and very responsive. Key features you'll find in this edition are as follows ::
The wider application and device compatibility.
Security, reliability, and responsiveness
The ability to join a homegroup

- Target: Around the world, usually comes with a package of new computers (laptop / netbook)

- Key Features: taskbar, jump lists, Windows Media Player, Backup and Restore, Action Center, Device Stage, Play to, your Fax Scan and simple game

- Limitations: no aero glass, various modifications desktop features, windows touch, media center, live thumbnail previews, home group creation, there is no multi-lingual, a maximum of 2 GB of RAM, not available with the 64bit version

- Price: $ 50 range (Indonesia)

With windows 7 starter, users can not change the wallpaper or theme windows. At the beginning of first release, Windows 7 Starter limited only to run three programs at a time, but eventually these limitations are removed, so that the user will still be able to run many programs at one time, only a limited amount of memory. For the 32-bit edition, all windows other than windows starter has a maximum limit of 4 GB RAM. For the 64-bit edition, is higher and varies.

2.Windows 7 Home Basic

Windows 7 Home Basic is an entry-level edition is offered in a number of new customers with very competitive prices. Windows 7 Home Basic makes it faster and easier to get to the programs and documents you use most, so you can spend less time looking and more time doing the things you want to do. In addition to the benefits found in Windows 7 Starter, Home Basic includes:
Live thumbnail previews
Full support more network (wireless networks and Internet connection sharing)
The ability to expand your screen in some monitorEdisi best for consumers.

- Target: For certain regions, including Indonesia
- Key Features: Multiple monitors, fast user switching (switch user), desktop wallpaper, desktop windows manager, network printing, internet connection sharing, some windows aero
- Limitations: Can not create a new Homegroup, does not include a DVD decoder (MPEG-2 and Dolby Digital), without multi-touch, premium games, Windows Media Center, no Multi Language, support full Windows Aero tidah
- Price: $ 80 range (Indonesia)

3.Windows 7 Home Premium

Windows 7 Home Premium provides the best entertainment experience on your PC. You will find an easy way to connect to PCs and other devices, all in a visually rich environment in daily use make it simpler and more appealing.

With Home Premium you can make all the homegroup to share your favorite photos, videos, and music with other network PCs running Windows 7. And you can watch shows for free when and where you want with Internet TV on Windows Media Center.

In addition to the features in Windows 7 Starter and Home Basic, you will also get the following facilities:

- Window navigation a more complete and personalized desktop with Microsoft Aero better than the previous version (the version of windows vista)
- Ability to create a homegroup, so you can easily share files between PCs and network devices
- The ability to watch and record TV Internet TV on PC with Windows Media Center
- Remote Media Streaming and increased support for different media formats * Note: For some aspects of Windows Media Center functionality, a TV tuner and additional devices may be required. Internet access is required. Free Internet TV content varies by geography. Some content may require additional fees.

Target: Global
- Key Features: Aero Glass, Aero Background, Windows Touch, a new group Making Home, Media Center, DVD playback and manufacture, premium games and Mobility Center
- Limitations: Domain join, Remote Desktop host, backup of the network, the Encryption File System, Offline Folders
- Price: $ 110 range (Indonesia)

4.Windows 7 Proffesional
Windows 7 Professional has all the features you need for business, along with media and entertainment features are great on Windows 7 Home Premium. You will be able to run many Windows X P productivity programs in Windows 7 or by using Windows X P Mode and recover your data easily with automatic backups. You can also connect to company networks easily and more securely.

As an additional feature:

Domain join, which provides the ability to resonate to a managed Windows Server network
Advanced Backup and Restore to help you back up the entire system to a home or business network, and Encrypted File System to help protect your data.
Windows XP Mode, to run productivity applications that require Windows XP History
Location Aware Printing, which lets you specify different default printer for the office and home networks.

Target: IT User middleclass
Key Features: Windows XP Mode, Domain Join, Remote Desktop host, location aware printing, mobility centers, presentation mode, the offline folder
Limitations: Bit Locker, Bit Locker Togo, App Locker, Direct Access, Branhe Cache, MUI Language Pack, boot from VHD
Price: $ 150 range (Indonesia)

5.Windows 7 Enterprise and Ultimate
Windows 7 Enterprise and Windows 7 Ultimate is the edition of the most powerful and designed to meet the needs of enterprise customers and customers who want every feature of Windows 7. With the same features, Windows 7 Enterprise includes the ability to perform volume activation and is only available to customers with Microsoft Software Assurance Agreement.

Windows 7 Enterprise and Windows 7 Ultimate helps you be productive anywhere, enhanced security and control and streamline PC management. Both also offer ease of use entertainment features of Home Premium and business features of Professional, plus the flexibility to work in many foreign languages. In short, Windows 7 Enterprise and Windows 7 Ultimate include everything Windows 7 has to offer.

This edition also includes the following features:

· Microsoft Bit Locker and Bit Locker To Go, drive encryption and data protection on internal or external drives and storage media.
· Direct Access, help you deliver more secure connection to the corporate network via the Internet.
· Microsoft BranchCache, helps you provide faster access to content from remote file and Web servers in the branch location
· Microsoft AppLocker, helping you prevent the software is not allowed to run on PCs workers
· Enterprise Search Scopes, making it easy to explore and look for on the intranet portal
· Multilingual user interface packs, allowing you to work with 35 languages.

Windows 7 Enterprise

· Target: Business Customer (volume licenses)
· Key Features: BitLocker, BitLocker To Go, AppLocker, Direct Access, Branche Cache, MUI language packs, boot from VHD
· Limitations: Retail Licenses
· Price: -

In addition to differences on licensing, Windows 7 Enterprise has the same features as Windows 7 Ultimate.

Windows 7 Ultimate

· Target: Retail market, limited availability
· Key Features: all features of the previous edition of Windows 7 coupled with BitLocker, BitLocker To Go, AppLocker, Direct Access, Branche Cache, MUI language packs, boot from VHD
· Limitations: Volume Licensing
· Price:

Chapter II Discussion

2.1. Structural System

Structure Operating system Windows 7 using Kernel Hybrid / Hybrid. Hybrid Kernel is a kernel architecture that combines the aspects contained in the micro kernel and monolithic kernel in the operating system software development. Categorizing hybrid kernel has been controversial because its characteristics are very similar to the characteristics of monolithic kernels so some circles pout categorizing hybrid kernel only limited differentiation for marketing purposes. More generally accepted categorization is monolithic and micro kernel kernel (including in this case nano kernel and exo kernel seen as a more extreme version of the micro kernel).

The idea behind the hybrid kernel is the kernel makes a similar structure as the micro kernel, but implemented as a monolithic kernel. In contrast to the micro kernel, all (or at least almost all) system services contained in kernel space and not in user space. Just as in a monolithic kernel, no load reduction in performance as the top of a micro kernel message delivery mechanisms, and other processes mechanisms, also have the same understanding as a monolithic kernel, there is no advantage whatsoever for the provision of services in user space.

Examples of well-known on the implementation of the hybrid kernel is the architecture of the ranks of NT-based Windows operating systems (Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, and Windows 7). Windows NT-based kernel is often classified as a hybrid (or macro kernel) rather than as a monolithic kernel because emulation subsystem contained in NT running in user mode, and not in kernel mode as well as on a monolithic kernel. And further because the purpose of design is similar to the purpose of design Mach (one of the first-generation micro kernel). Instead, the reason that the NT was not included as a micro kernel because most components of the system running at the same address space with the kernel, as well as on the design of a monolithic kernel.

The design of Windows NT has many similarities to that found in Mach, a micro kernel first generation, and the most important part is to have the structure of a collection of modules that communicate via a common interface is known, that the micro kernel small it is limited to core functions such as the main-level interrupt handling, thread scheduling, and synchronization of processes simple. It allows each module to use the mechanism of direct dialing or using IPC mechanism as a medium of communication between modules. Other similarities with Mach design objectives including in this case the support of the various architecture, a kernel with a level of abstraction that is sufficient to enable a variety of characteristics of the operating system implemented at the level above it, and object-based organization.

The reason that the NT is not a micro kernel-based system in this case because almost all subsystems provide system services, including the executive part, running on kernel mode (in the same address space with a micro kernel), and not on the user mode as well as on a micro kernel design. This attribute makes NT is similar to earlier versions of Mach, as well as other commercial systems based Mach.

2.2. System Architecture

The Windows operating system for desktop originally just a simple operating system. Remember the MS-DOS? Yes, MS-DOS is the OS base used and developed since Windows 1.0 to Windows ME. In addition, Microsoft is also building a different operating system architecture with MS-DOS, the Windows NT. NT OS is what later became the basis of the development of Windows NT 3.1 to Windows 8

1. Basic architecture of MS-DOS

MS-DOS operating system whose construction monolithic structure without structure. The point is all the operating system components mixed together, and all the other routine routine can access.
The structure of MS-DOS
At the MS-DOS operating system, the applications and the operating system is not even a clear separation, which led to easy programs to modify the virus and damage the operating system MS-DOS. The application program has akses to modify parts of the operating system (resident program, MS-DOS device drivers, BIOS and device drivers).

2. Basic Architecture NT

NT operating system has a layered structure (layered). In order not to have dependency, NT contains four layers, namely:

Hardware abstraction layer (HAL)
Kernel
subsystems
System services

Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

Mapped commands and responses are generic hardware into unique commands and responses specific platforms such as the Intel 486 or Pentium, Motorola PowerPC, or DEC Alpha.
HAL making machine system bus, DMA controller, interrupt controller, system timer, and memory modules look the same by the kernel. HAL also provides support multiprocessing for symmetric.
kernel
Contains the components of the most basic operating system. The kernel manages the scheduling and context switching, exception handling and interrupt handling and multiprocessing synchronization.
subsystems
Various modules specific functions using the basic services provided by the kernel.
system services
Software provides an interface to the user mode.

2.3. excellence

Windows 7 has several advantages of its predecessor Windows are as follows:

1. Ease and Convenience

You should know that Windows 7 will not have drastic changes in terms of software architecture as Vista from XP - Microsoft has its own promise that users who are undertaking an upgrade of Vista will not have compatibility problems. Because Windows 7 has not changed much behind the scenes, Microsoft can focus on the development experience of the OS itself and not on the various technical aspects such as security and stability.

Most of the changes were packaged Windows 7 seeks to improve the ease and convenience of users, and below are some of the new features of Windows 7 is already visible in Microsoft PDC demonstrations.

2. Taskbar

Got the biggest change since it first debuted in Windows 95. Windows 7 is no longer show a small application icons complete with the name of the application but only large-sized icons similar to Mac OS X. List window that appears when placing the mouse over the application icon has been replaced by user interface (UI) "ribbon" that shows a thumbnail window that opens sideways.

Other tools that are connected to the computer as a camera will also appear in the taskbar with the application window. Altogether these features make Windows 7 look attractive.

3. System Tray

Officially named as the "Notification Area" Microsoft finally allows the user tools for managing the desktop area that is often messy. Users can have any icons that appear in the System Tray, change the icon's position and whether they may attract the user with a notification.

4. Jump List

Jump menu will appear in the Start Menu or when users click on one of the Taskbar application, provide some choice to the user to perform various actions that supported the application. The figure below shows the jump list of Windows Media Player (WMP) which give users the option to play the song, see the last songs played, and much more.

5. User Account Control (UAC) Better

UAC is one of the most hated features of Windows Vista users. Now in addition to the "On" and "Off" the user can choose to UAC only appears when installing an application or when an application to change the configuration of Windows alone. Not yet known whether these changes are enough to make UAC from enemies into friends, but these changes would at least be made more friendly Windows UAC.

6. performance

Microsoft says that they made many changes to improve the performance and stability of Windows 7 as reduce boot time by enabling multiple applications in parallel, new memory management methods and more. It is still too early to talk about performance, we must await the coming version is almost finished to get a meaningful benchmark, but according to Technologizer, Windows 7 feels very fast operation on a Dell laptop loaned Microsoft - and net of bloatware.

7. Device Stage

This new feature collects all matters relating to the peripherals in one place for easy configuration as a user, features, documentation of service even purchase printer ink and others.

8. Libraries

If you already know the concept of the library for songs such as the iTunes, the concept of libraries in Windows 7 also will not be foreign to you. This feature collects all the files in your PC according to the type of each library to facilitate media management. For example, all photos from all the PC and the network will be collected in a photo library which can be accessed in one place like the picture below.

9. Home Groups

Windows 7 introduces a new feature called HomeGroups network that aims to ease some of the computer network to share files and peripherals - as if all were located on the same PC. Although the features of Windows Networking has always aimed at, in fact the configuration to use the network printer is still too difficult for most users.

10. "Peeking" (Peek)

Peeking features in Windows 7 enables users to quickly read content in a window without the need to interact with the window. Placing the cursor over the thumbnail in the Task Bar will change all open windows become transparent except the selected window. In addition you can "peek" window specific applications users can also peek at the Windows desktop.

11. Sidebar No Longer Used

When compared with Mac OS X widgets that can be placed on the desktop, the most striking difference from the gadget Microsoft during the sidebar on the right side of the screen. In Windows 7, the sidebar is removed because they use too many places there are now gadgets can be placed directly on the desktop. Although it may actually do in Vista.

12. Compatibility iTunes

WMP now supports two Apple favorite media formats: AAC for audio and H.264 for video. WMP also can find the iTunes library on the network and play the contents. Apple's Fairplay DRM is not supported, but knows how to play a video podcast that resolution tolerable look bad in WMP.

13. Minimalist

When you right-click on a media file in Windows Explorer and use WMP to play, WMP will appear in a minimalist fashion that does not dominate your desktop. You can also play media on the preview pane of Windows Explorer without launching WMP at all.

14. Streaming Multimedia

W7 add features delivery of media files from a PC to a wide range of tools that support streaming like Sonos music system over the network. Microsoft said that Windows 7 will change the file into a format that can be played by your media player. This also means that Microsoft is another step closer to the ideals of Bill Gates made the Windows media center at home. Media Center version of Windows 7 is also getting a major upgrade.

15. Automatic Window Settings

Drag a window near the edge of the right or left then the window will immediately change the size of a half-screen. It is intended to make it easier to arrange two windows side by side (such as the browser or Word documents) so you can easily work on both windows at once.

16. Finding All Places at Once

Windows 7 feature called "Search Federation" allows you to include a variety of computer, networking and storage media sites to search in Windows 7.

17. Scene

Microsoft has a very long did not deliver major changes in the theme customization features in Windows. In Windows 7 Microsoft provides a new theme that voters better with preview feature in the original size and allow you to save custom theme with just a few clicks. Microsoft also plans to change its name from the Themes to be Styles.

18. Windows Live

Officially Microsoft has little application in Windows 7, unlike Vista. Applications Photo Gallery, Movie Maker, and email has made a free download called Windows Live Esentials, although Microsoft still hopes that various PC vendors will still be packing the Windows Live Essentials into the computers they sell.

19. New Paint

Windows Paint that has been forgotten to get a major upgrade, now appear with ribbon UI of Office 2007 that has now become standard in many Microsoft applications. Although there are still many who consider as an alternative to Paint Paint.net better.

20. Features Touch Screen

Windows 7 is the first Windows version that supports multi-touch that allows you to control the OS with both hands. There are still many who doubt whether the multi-touch will revolutionize the PC world as he revolutionized the world of mobile phones. There are currently almost no PC in the market that support the touch screen feature apart TouchSmart from HP and Dell Latitude XT.

2.4. Weakness

Some applications can not operate properly in Windows 7, especially long software 2.
Hardware classified as old school rather difficult to walk normally, there are still some driver
failed to install (For drivers of your hardware, please see vendor support in each, to support Win 7).
Sierra Air Card 875 U modem can not be used.
There is hardware that can be immediately recognized in Vista, but not in Windows
The absence of a flashing icon in the taskbar LAN Tray! such as Vista or XP
extravagant batteries, for you who use a laptop

2.5. Implementation

Implementation is the process of installing hardware and sotware on a PC, Notebook, Netbook in order to run properly.

Implementation planning:
• Work implementation
• Estimated completion date
• Estimated cost and people responsible for each job

Type of documentation that must be made for the new system:
• Documentation pengembangangan
• Documentation of operation
• User Dukementasi

Common forms of testing the system:
• Review Direct: Tinajauan gradually over logic, procedure or program
• Processing transaction test: determine whether the program is operating as expected.
• Test reception: using multiple copies of transactions and records the actual file and not using artificial copy.

Conversion is the process of changing the system of accounting information systems from the old to the new.

conversion approach
Direct conversion: SIA long stop when SIA newly introduced
Konversi parallel: run SIA old and new simultaneously during a certain period
Conversion gradually (phase-in): in gradually replacing the CIA elements of the old with the new
Change pioneer (Pilot): implement a system is only one part of the organization.
revival of the operating system

CHAPTER III Conclusion

In today most humans can not be separated from the computer, almost all the work using a computer, such as in formal learning activities, daily and on the company, the computer itself can not be separated from the Operating System.

Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

For large systems, the operating system has a greater responsibility and power. It is like a traffic cop it will ensure that different programs and users running at the same time do not interfere with each other. This operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users accessing the system.

Windows is an operating system that has been used by many familiar, Start private users and companies. In Windows we we can manage all the settings on the control panel, we can also play at the Command prompt. Regardless of the shortcomings and advantages, the windows still widely used by people and become popular again with the advent of Windows 8 that can attract the market.